Putting large turbines on firmer foundations

2 November 2017



One of the most effective ways to reduce offshore wind costs is the development of foundations that are easier to install, and a number of innovative foundation concepts, both floating and sea-bottom-mounted are under development around the world.


One of the most effective ways to reduce offshore wind costs is the development of foundations that are easier to install, and a number of innovative foundation concepts, both floating and sea-bottom-mounted are under development around the world.

Gravity and suction bucket foundations are two technologies that promise a number of advantages over the ubiquitous monopile for seabed-mounted installations.

At Vattenfall’s European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre, off Aberdeen Bay, Scotland, what have been described as “game-changing” suction bucket jackets are to be used to provide the foundations for eleven large wind turbines, MHI Vestas V164-8.4 machines (to be connected using ‘next generation’ 66 kV array cabling, instead of 33 kV).

The suction buckets to be demonstrated at EOWDC are expected to enable faster offshore installation while also keeping noise to a minimum, as well as facilitating decommissioning.

Peterhead Port Authority has recently been awarded a contract to harbour the suction bucket jacket foundations for the 11-turbine scheme.

This contract will see the port moor one of the world’s largest floating cranes, with a maximum lifting capacity of 5000 tonnes, and up to six barges that will transport the 11 foundations – the heaviest of which weighs around 1800 tonnes and is about 77m high.

Peterhead Port Authority will also accommodate two supporting offshore construction vessels while a project site office will be established at the harbour for the EOWDC installation operations which are due to start later this year.

The Peterhead Port Authority contract was awarded by Boskalis, which is Vattenfall’s key supplier for offshore construction and installation, including the foundations and cabling.

“Peterhead has been an integral part of the UK’s energy industry for the past 50 years”, noted Ian Laidlaw, chief executive at Peterhead Port Authority, and “the EOWDC represents a new chapter.”

Peterhead Port becomes the latest harbour in the north east of Scotland to provide key support for the EOWDC. Last year, Vattenfall invested in leases totalling 24 years with Aberdeen Harbour Board to establish a base at Regent Centre for its construction team and a warehouse unit at Commercial Quay to support the lifetime operations of the project.

Andre Andringa, project director at Boskalis, said: “Peterhead Port Authority’s facilities provide a natural fit to support the foundation installation work for a number of reasons. With more than 3 km of deep-water berthing, it can comfortably accommodate a large heavy lift vessel while the harbour is also sheltered which helps minimise the impact of weather conditions for loading.”

The foundations will be transported to Peterhead for mooring via the six barge vessels, five of which will carry two foundations while the sixth will transport the final one. The installation vessel will be moored alongside the barges for heavy-lift operations. When offshore work starts, more than half the foundations will be installed under the water within the seabed.

 

Gravity foundations without cranes

Development of “float and submerge” gravity foundations is another area attracting interest. A pioneer in this field is Seatower, which is working on gravity foundations for offshore wind turbines and substations that can be installed without cranes, and was recently named winner of the 2017 Eurelectric Industry and Innovation Award. This was in recognition of its “unique technology”, which is said to represent “a breakthrough in the offshore industry, because of a less risky process – as the installation involves fewer personnel in offshore operations – faster and much simpler installation procedure and larger weather conditions window.”

The first Seatower Cranefree Gravity foundation for offshore wind was installed in February 2015 at EDF’s Fécamp offshore wind farm site about 15 km off the French coast at 30 m water depth. Receiving the award, Petter Karal CEO of Seatower said the foundation design was “perfect for larger turbines”, with installation able to take place during winter time in harsh offshore conditions, “which is one of several advantages that reduce the total cost of an installed gravity based foundation compared to the commonly used steel structures.”

The Seatower foundation is said to “represent a rethinking of the entire value chain, from lean manufacturing methods to safe and cost efficient installation.”

The hollow foundations are “self-floating” before installation on the seabed, which is achieved by filling them with seawater. Only towing vessels are required for transportation and installation of the foundations, which have also been described as “self-installing.” 

The foundations have also been designed to employ mass manufacturing methods “using only standard, low-cost materials including regular concrete and steel.”

There is no noise from pile hammering or drilling during the installation process and at end of life no steel or concrete is left on the seabed following decommissioning.

Another type of float and submerge gravity foundation, designed and manufactured by Royal BAM Group, is to be deployed at EDF’s five-turbine 41.5MW Blyth Offshore Demonstrator Wind Farm in the UK. As reported in last month’s issue, two of the five Blyth gravity foundations will be fitted with a sensor system designed by the Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Catapult to analyse their performance, as part of the Demowind-funded FS Found project.

Each of the Blyth gravity based foundations will weigh more than 15000 tonnes when fully installed.

Blyth will also employ 66kV array cables, and in fact will be the first offshore wind farm to do so. 

 

Improving corrosion resistance

Meanwhile, work continues on steadily improving the incumbent technology, monopile foundations. For example, E.ON has recently announced that it is protecting all 60 steel foundations of the Arkona offshore wind park in the German Baltic Sea with a special environmentally friendly anti-corrosion coating, the first application to the monopiles of an offshore wind farm. Construction work on Arkona is now underway, with the first foundations successfully installed in the seabed.

Over the expected 25-year operating life of the wind farm, corrosion is significantly reduced and deposits into the sea are reduced by several hundred tonnes.

E.ON says it has developed the Thermal Spray Aluminium (TSA) process for coating of monopiles with engineers Rambøll Germany in co-ordination with the relevant authorities. EEW and Krebs then developed innovative solutions on behalf of E.ON to implement the process industrially at their locations in Rostock. To this end, existing coating halls were also expanded and the world’s first fully automated coating line for applying the process to offshore wind monopiles was developed.

“We will now analyse and further optimise the process in order to use it for future offshore wind projects,” said Sven Utermöhlen, COO of E.ON Climate & Renewables.

During the coating process, a robot with two arc burners sprays a 350μm thick layer of molten aluminium onto the foundations. The process is carried out under the most stringent safety and environmental protection standards and is largely dust-free. The surface is then sealed with resin. The TSA process has hitherto mainly been used as corrosion protection for smaller steel components under water or for larger components above water, for example in offshore substations. The process is being applied for the first time on an industrial scale for the foundations of the Arkona turbines. Because the process is automated, this alternative coating method can lead to significant cost savings compared with conventional corrosion protection.

All 60 foundations with the TSA coating for the Arkona offshore wind farm have been produced. They have a maximum length of 81 m and a diameter of up to almost 8m.

Once the monopiles have been installed the transition pieces, towers and turbines will be mounted on them.

The 60 x 6MW (385MW) Arkona offshore wind farm, which is due to enter operation in 2019, is 35km north east of the island of Rügen, in water depths between 23 and 37m.

It is a joint venture between E.ON and Statoil. 

Wind Seatower foundation for Fécamp
Wind Transition pieces for Arkona (source, E.ON)
Wind Seatower foundation on tow
Wind Monopiles for Arkona (source, E.ON)
Wind Suction bucket principle (source, Vattenfall)
Wind Royal BAM Group gravity foundation on its way to Blyth for installation


Linkedin Linkedin   
Privacy Policy
We have updated our privacy policy. In the latest update it explains what cookies are and how we use them on our site. To learn more about cookies and their benefits, please view our privacy policy. Please be aware that parts of this site will not function correctly if you disable cookies. By continuing to use this site, you consent to our use of cookies in accordance with our privacy policy unless you have disabled them.