A breakthrough in high-speed drilling, coupled with improvements in robotics and sensing technologies, is poised to dramatically transform production of geothermal heat and energy over the next five years, according to the Cleanteck Group.
The key advance in drilling – which accounts for up to 75% of project cost and 90% of capital cost – came from Fervo Energy at its project in Utah, USA. In its 400 MW Cape Station campaign, Fervo drilled its fastest well in 21 days, a 70% reduction from a similar project in 2022. The company also nearly halved the cost to $4.8M per well.
“Faster and more reliable drilling will speed up delivery and cut costs for geothermal projects,” said Selene Law, senior associate, Energy & Power at Cleantech Group, adding that according to The International Renewable Energy Agency, geothermal has the potential to provide up to 17% of global energy needs.
“Increasing adoption of digital tools will enable better controls and real-time drilling data analysis, while new drilling methods, such as drilling with plasma or jets will increase drilling speed,” said Law, pointing out that advanced technologies would directly reduce risks by identifying optimal sites for drilling.
Geothermal plants are also considered to enjoy multiple advantages. Besides the potential to operate them at nearly 90% load factor, they are said to have lower operational costs than wind and solar photovoltaic and have minimal storage needs.
According to Law, more geographies, such as Germany and other low enthalpy regions, will unlock geothermal power by 2030, as innovation from shallower depths helps to de-risk geothermal drilling and penetration rates further improve.
Key new drilling techniques include the use by GA Drilling and EarthGrid of high-voltage pulses or electric arcs to create intense heat and induce rock fracturing.
Other innovation in drilling includes exposing the hole bottom to a high-pressure jet of steel shot particles, air, hydrogen, propane, or water. HammerDrum is testing robotics, while Cornish Lithium and others are co-locating geothermal heat production with production of lithium or other minerals to drive down costs.
Meanwhile France is aiming for global leadership in geothermal drilling, with an action plan that includes a proposed $150m fund to be unveiled next month. The fund is double the size of incentives announced by the USA for geothermal systems. Austria, Germany, New Zealand, the EU and Canada’s Alberta province are among others that are funding research in geothermal initiatives in a renewed push over the past few years.
